1. Name and Synonyms

The product is officially named Enrofloxacin, commonly referred to simply as Enrofloxacin in veterinary medicine. This name is widely recognized across different clinical and research settings, ensuring easy identification in various applications involving animal health.

2. Chemical Identification

Enrofloxacin is identified with the CAS number 93106-60-6, serving as a unique identifier in pharmaceutical and veterinary contexts. This CAS number ensures accuracy in research, production, and quality control processes.

3. Appearance and Physical Properties

Enrofloxacin appears as a pale yellow to yellow crystalline powder. This physical characteristic assists in its identification and supports quality control throughout manufacturing and distribution channels.

4. Purity and Solubility

The product boasts a high purity level of ≥ 98%, ensuring effective results in veterinary applications. Enrofloxacin is sparingly soluble in water, but it is more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and methanol. This solubility profile allows for versatile formulation options in veterinary treatments for livestock and poultry.

5. Molecular Structure

The molecular formula of Enrofloxacin is C₁₉H₂₂FN₃O₃, with a molecular weight of approximately 359.4 g/mol. This structure is fundamental to its antibacterial properties, making Enrofloxacin effective against a wide spectrum of Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, especially in treating respiratory, urinary, and systemic infections in animals.

1. Antibiotic Type

Enrofloxacin belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against both Gram-negative and certain Gram-positive bacteria. They exert their antibacterial effect by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair, making them effective in treating a range of infections.

2. Antibacterial Spectrum

2.1 Gram-Negative Bacteria

Enrofloxacin has a strong inhibitory effect on a variety of Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, and Haemophilus species. Escherichia coli is a common intestinal bacterium that can cause infections under specific conditions, while Pasteurella multocida and Klebsiella pneumoniae are known for causing respiratory infections in animals. Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illness and intestinal disease, while Haemophilus species are associated with respiratory infections. Enrofloxacin’s effectiveness against these pathogens makes it valuable for treating respiratory, urinary, and systemic infections in livestock and poultry.

2.2 Gram-Positive Bacteria

Enrofloxacin also exhibits activity against some Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and certain Streptococcus species. Staphylococcus aureus can lead to skin and soft tissue infections, while Streptococcus species are associated with respiratory and systemic infections. This broader spectrum of activity makes Enrofloxacin suitable for treating mixed infections, providing a comprehensive approach to bacterial disease management in animals.

2.3 Other Microorganisms

In addition to its antibacterial effects, Enrofloxacin is active against certain mycoplasmas (such as Mycoplasma gallisepticum), which lack cell walls and can cause respiratory infections in poultry and livestock. This activity against mycoplasmas extends its application in treating respiratory diseases in animals where these organisms are involved.

3. Comparison of Antibacterial Activity

The antibacterial activity of Enrofloxacin is notable due to its broad-spectrum efficacy and strong penetration into tissues, resulting in effective control of systemic and respiratory infections. Compared to older antibiotics, Enrofloxacin often provides faster and more potent bacterial inhibition, making it valuable in situations where rapid and comprehensive treatment is required.

4. Application Fields

Enrofloxacin is widely used in veterinary medicine, especially for treating respiratory, urinary, and systemic infections in animals, including poultry, cattle, and swine. In animal husbandry, it is commonly applied to manage outbreaks of bacterial infections that compromise animal health and productivity. Due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, Enrofloxacin is highly effective in preventing and treating infections caused by both Gram-negative and certain Gram-positive bacteria, making it a versatile and essential antibiotic in intensive farming environments.

1. Shelf Life

Enrofloxacin has a shelf life of 2 years when stored under recommended conditions. Within this period, the product retains its quality, effectiveness, and stability, ensuring it delivers the intended antibacterial effects in veterinary applications.

2. Testing Indicators and Standards

2.1 Appearance

Enrofloxacin should appear as a pale yellow to yellow crystalline powder. Any deviation from this appearance may indicate potential quality issues, serving as a fundamental quality control measure.

2.2 Identification

The product is identified through various analytical methods, including High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which uses retention time (tR) to confirm the identity of Enrofloxacin. Additional chemical tests ensure its purity and authenticity, verifying the product from multiple perspectives.

2.3 pH Value

The pH of a 1% Enrofloxacin solution in water should range between 4.0 and 5.0. Maintaining this pH range is crucial for ensuring stability and biological activity, as deviations could affect the product’s effectiveness.

2.4 Specific Absorbance

At 278 nm, the specific absorbance of Enrofloxacin should meet the required range to ensure quality. This measurement confirms product purity and verifies that it aligns with the expected absorbance profile.

2.5 Light Absorbing Impurities

At 420 nm, light-absorbing impurities should not exceed specified limits. Controlling these impurities helps maintain product stability and ensures it remains effective in veterinary applications.

2.6 Related Substances Content

Strict limits are set for related substances to ensure high purity. Impurities, including related quinolones, must be kept below 1.0% to uphold the product’s quality and ensure its efficacy in treating infections.

2.7 Heavy Metals Content

The heavy metals content in Enrofloxacin should not exceed 10 ppm. Low levels of heavy metals are crucial for product safety, minimizing the risk of adverse effects on animal health.

2.8 Water Content

Water content should be controlled between 0.5% and 1.0%. Excess moisture can impact the stability and quality of Enrofloxacin, so maintaining it within this range ensures product consistency and prevents degradation.

2.9 Residue on Ignition (Ash Content)

The residue on ignition (or ash content) should not exceed 0.1%. This parameter indicates the amount of inorganic residue, with a low ash content reflecting high product purity free from unwanted contaminants.

2.10 Content Determination

The potency of Enrofloxacin is determined based on its active content, which should range between 98.0% and 102.0%. Ensuring that the active content meets this specification guarantees the product’s effectiveness in veterinary applications, delivering reliable antibacterial activity.

1. Packaging

The product is packaged in fiber drums, available in two sizes: 15kg/drum and 25kg/drum. This packaging method provides effective protection against environmental factors such as moisture and oxidation, ensuring product stability during storage and transportation. It is also convenient for handling and logistics.

2. Transportation Modes

2.1 Express Shipping

For smaller or urgent orders, express shipping via international carriers like DHL, TNT, FedEx, and others is available. These reputable carriers offer fast and reliable services, ensuring timely delivery to customers.

2.2 Air and Sea Freight

For bulk orders, air or sea freight can be selected. Air freight offers faster delivery but comes at a higher cost, making it suitable for time-sensitive shipments. Sea freight is a more cost-effective option for larger shipments but requires longer transit times. Customers can choose the most suitable method based on their needs and the urgency of the order.

3. Delivery Time

After receiving payment, Enrofloxacin will be shipped within 2–3 days. This prompt delivery timeframe ensures that urgent customer requirements are met, enhancing customer satisfaction and trust.

Q1: How can I place an order for Enrofloxacin?

A: You can reach out to our online customer service for immediate assistance. Alternatively, you can contact us through the following methods:

•Wechat: +86-18663729963, +86-13589106478

•Skype: sunnylee886

•Email: maggie@hope-biotech.com, sunny@hope-biotech.com

•Mobile: +86-18663729963, +86-13589106478

Q2: What is the minimum order quantity (MOQ) for Enrofloxacin?

A: Our MOQ is 0.5 kg. However, if you have specific quantity requirements, feel free to discuss them with us.

Q3: What certifications does your company have for Enrofloxacin?

A: Our production facility is certified with GMP, ISO 9001, FSC, and CEP standards, ensuring high-quality and reliable manufacturing practices.

Q4: What is Enrofloxacin used for?

A: Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat respiratory, urinary, and systemic infections in livestock and poultry. It is effective against a variety of Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, providing comprehensive protection against common animal infections.

Q5: Is Enrofloxacin safe for use in animals?

A: Yes, when used as directed by a licensed veterinarian, Enrofloxacin is safe and effective for treating bacterial infections in animals. It is important to follow dosage guidelines to ensure the best therapeutic outcome and minimize potential side effects.

Q6: How does Enrofloxacin work?

A: Enrofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are enzymes essential for DNA replication and repair. This mechanism effectively stops the growth of bacteria, making it a potent option for treating bacterial infections.

Q7: Can Enrofloxacin be used for both poultry and livestock?

A: Yes, Enrofloxacin is commonly used for both poultry and livestock, including cattle, swine, and chickens. Its broad-spectrum activity makes it suitable for treating various infections in different types of animals.

Q8: How should Enrofloxacin be stored?

A: Enrofloxacin should be stored in a cool, dry place away from light and moisture to maintain its stability and effectiveness. Proper storage conditions help ensure the product’s quality over its shelf life.

Q9: What is the typical dosage of Enrofloxacin for animals?

A: The dosage of Enrofloxacin varies depending on the type of animal, infection severity, and veterinarian recommendations. We advise consulting a licensed veterinarian to determine the appropriate dosage for specific cases.

Q10: Can I get a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for Enrofloxacin?

A: Yes, we provide a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for each batch of Enrofloxacin. The CoA includes detailed information on purity, potency, and compliance with quality standards, available upon request.